使用选择列表元素

与其他元素相比，选择列表具有特殊的行为.

Select对象现在将为您提供一系列命令, 用于允许您与 <select> 元素进行交互.

如果您使用的是 Java 或 .NET， 请确保您在代码中已正确加载所需的包. 您可以通过GitHub查看下面示例的完整代码.

请注意，此类仅适用于 HTML 元素 select 和 option. 这个类将不适用于那些通过 div 或 li 并使用JavaScript遮罩层设计的下拉列表.

类型

选择方法的行为可能会有所不同， 具体取决于正在使用的 <select> 元素的类型.

单选

这是标准的下拉对象，其只能选定一个选项.

<select name="selectomatic">
    <option selected="selected" id="non_multi_option" value="one">One</option>
    <option value="two">Two</option>
    <option value="four">Four</option>
    <option value="still learning how to count, apparently">Still learning how to count, apparently</option>
</select>

复选

此选择列表允许同时选定和取消选择多个选项. 这仅适用于具有 multiple 属性的 <select>元素.

<select name="multi" id="multi" multiple="multiple">
    <option selected="selected" value="eggs">Eggs</option>
    <option value="ham">Ham</option>
    <option selected="selected" value="sausages">Sausages</option>
    <option value="onion gravy">Onion gravy</option>
</select>

构建类

首先定位一个 <select> 元素, 然后借助其初始化一个Select 对象. 请注意, 从 Selenium 4.5 开始, 您无法针对禁用的 <select> 元素构建 Select 对象.

        WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.name("selectomatic"));
        Select select = new Select(selectElement);
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    select_element = driver.find_element(By.NAME, 'selectomatic')
    select = Select(select_element)
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            var selectElement = driver.FindElement(By.Name("selectomatic"));
            var select = new SelectElement(selectElement);
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    select_element = driver.find_element(name: 'selectomatic')
    select = Selenium::WebDriver::Support::Select.new(select_element)
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  it('Select an option', async function () {
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    val selectElement = driver.findElement(By.name("selectomatic"))
    val select = Select(selectElement)
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选项列表

共有两种列表可以被获取:

全部选项

获取 <select> 元素中所有选项列表:

        List<WebElement> optionList = select.getOptions();
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    option_list = select.options
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            IList<IWebElement> optionList = select.Options;
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    option_list = select.options
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    val optionList = select.getOptions()
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选中的选项

获取 <select> 元素中所选中的选项列表. 对于标准选择列表这将只是一个包含一个元素的列表, 对于复选列表则表示包含的零个或多个元素.

        List<WebElement> selectedOptionList = select.getAllSelectedOptions();
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    selected_option_list = select.all_selected_options
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            IList<IWebElement> selectedOptionList = select.AllSelectedOptions;
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    selected_option_list = select.selected_options
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    }
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    val selectedOptionList = select.getAllSelectedOptions()
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选项

Select类提供了三种选择选项的方法. 请注意, 对于复选类型的选择列, 对于要选择的每个元素可以重复使用这些方法.

文本

根据其可见文本选择选项

        select.selectByVisibleText("Four");
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    select.select_by_visible_text('Four')
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            select.SelectByText("Four");
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    select.select_by(:text, 'Four')
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    const countElement = await driver.findElement(By.css("option[value='still learning how to count, apparently']"))
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    select.selectByVisibleText("Four")
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值

根据其值属性选择选项

        select.selectByValue("two");
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    select.select_by_value('two')
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            select.SelectByValue("two");
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    select.select_by(:value, 'two')
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    assert.equal(true, await fourElement.isSelected())
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    select.selectByValue("two")
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序号

根据其在列表中的位置选择选项

        select.selectByIndex(3);
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    select.select_by_index(3)
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            select.SelectByIndex(3);
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    select.select_by(:index, 3)
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    assert.equal(true, await twoElement.isSelected())
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    select.selectByIndex(3)
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禁用的选项

Selenium v4.5

具有 disabled 属性的选项可能无法被选择.

    <select name="single_disabled">
      <option id="sinlge_disabled_1" value="enabled">Enabled</option>
      <option id="sinlge_disabled_2" value="disabled" disabled="disabled">Disabled</option>
    </select>

        Assertions.assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> {
            select.selectByValue("disabled");
        });
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    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
        select.select_by_value('disabled')
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            Assert.ThrowsException<InvalidOperationException>(() => select.SelectByValue("disabled"));
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    expect {
      select.select_by(:value, 'disabled')
    }.to raise_exception(Selenium::WebDriver::Error::UnsupportedOperationError)
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    const select = await new Select(selectElement)

    await assert.rejects(async () => {
      await select.selectByValue("disabled")
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    Assertions.assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException::class.java) {
      select.selectByValue("disabled")
    }
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取消选择选项

只有复选类型的选择列表才能取消选择选项. 您可以对要选择的每个元素重复使用这些方法.

        select.deselectByValue("eggs");
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    select.deselect_by_value('eggs')
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            select.DeselectByValue("eggs");
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    select.deselect_by(:value, 'eggs')
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    assert.equal(true, await gravyElement.isSelected())
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    select.deselectByValue("eggs")
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最后修改 November 17, 2023: Upgrade to Docsy 0 7 2 (#1529) (48f4361690)